GCSE Philosophy and Ethics Practice Exam

Which scientific theory is most compatible with the cosmological argument?

1. Darwin's theory of evolution

2. Big Bang theory

3. Quantum mechanics

4. Relativity theory

The correct answer is: Big Bang theory

The Big Bang theory is most compatible with the cosmological argument because both address the origins of the universe. The cosmological argument posits that everything that exists has a cause, leading to the conclusion that there must be a first cause or an uncaused cause, often identified as God. The Big Bang theory supports the idea that the universe had a beginning approximately 13.8 billion years ago, which aligns with the notion that there is a definitive start to the universe that necessitates an explanation for its existence. In contrast, Darwin's theory of evolution focuses on biological processes and the development of species rather than the origin of the universe itself. Quantum mechanics deals with the behavior of particles at the subatomic level and does not directly address cosmological origins in the same way. Relativity theory, while influential in our understanding of space and time, also does not specifically provide a foundation for discussing the ultimate cause of the universe. Thus, the Big Bang theory effectively complements the cosmological argument by suggesting a point of origin from which the universe arose, supporting the idea of a first cause.